Egypt+History

Egypt History
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Native People

 * ===Egyptian===
 * ===Bedouin Arab===
 * ===Nubian===

Religions

 * ===Muslim 90%===
 * ===Coptic Christian 9%===
 * ===other Christian 1%.===

**Ancient Egypt**

 * ===Egyptian civilization, one of the world's oldest, developed in the valley of the Nile over 5,000 years ago. The rival kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united as a centralized state 3200 BC; by a king named Menes, who Established his capital at Memphis. A high culture developed Early, and the use of writing was introduced.===
 * ===During the Old Kingdom (3110–2258 BC) Egyptian culture and commerce flourished, and the great pyramids were built. Its fall introduced a period of anarchy, which Ended 2000 BC; with the Establishment of the Middle Kingdom, with its capital at Thebes. Civilization again flourished until in 1786 BC; weak rulers allowed the country to pass under the rule of foreign nomads, known as the Hyksos. The Hyksos were Expelled 1570 BC;, and the New Kingdom was Established. [[image:egypt_timeline.jpg width="427" height="278" align="right" caption="Ancient Egypt Timeline"]]===
 * ===During the XVIII dynasty (1570–1342 BC) ancient Egyptian civilization reached its zenith; a vast Empire was Established and Thebes and Memphis became the political, commercial, and cultural centers of the world.===
 * ===After the XX dynasty (1200–1085 BC) Egypt came increasingly under foreign domination, with periods of rule by Libya, Sudan, Assyria, Nubia, and Persia. Following a brief reestablishment of native power in 405 BC, Egypt fell without a struggle to Alexander the Great in 332 BC.===
 * ===After Alexander's death, Egypt was inherited by his general, Ptolemy, who founded the dynasty of Ptolemies and under whom the new city of Alexandria became the intellectual and religious center of the Hellenistic world. The Ptolemies maintained a formidable Empire for more than two centuries until, weakened by internal dynastic disputes, Egypt fell to Rome in 30 BC Christianity was readily accepted in Egypt, which became part of the Byzantine Empire about AD 395.===
 * ===With the Arab conquest (639–42) Egypt became an integral part of the Muslim world. ([|Arab Countries])===



**Modern Egypt**

 * ===After 500 years as part of the caliphate, Egypt was seized by the Mamluks in 1250 and the Ottoman Turks in 1517.===
 * ===The first close contact with the West occurred in 1798, when French forces under Napoleon occupied the country; they were Expelled in 1801 by combined Ottoman and British troops.===
 * ===In 1805 Muhammad Ali, a common soldier, was appointed pasha of Egypt; under his rule the foundations of the modern state of Egypt were Established.===
 * ===The construction of the Suez Canal (1859–69) put Egypt deeply into debt, and, although nominally still part of the Ottoman Empire, the country was forced to appoint a French-British commission to manage its financial affairs. The British consolidated their control between 1883 and 1907, and during World War I, when Turkey joined the Central Powers, Great Britain declared Egypt a British protectorate, which Effectively persisted for some years after independence in 1923.([|Arab Countries])===



Independence Day

 * ===Egypt was declared independent on February 28, 1922 from under the British rule and it acquired full sovereignty following World War II.===
 * ===The British government announced their independence without any discussion with representatives from Egypt, leaving the details on 4 issues, of the communications security of British occupation in Egypt, Egypt's defense, foreign affairs of Egypt, minority races' protection, and the state of Sudan which were to be ironed out later. ([|Arab Countries])===

Historical Trademark

 * ===Sphinx and the Pyramids in Giza===
 * ==Great Pyramid of Giza: The Pyramid, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world was bulity in the desert at Giza, near modern Cairo.==